DNA‑Based (PCR)
Unintentionally introduced substances originating from environmental exposure, processing, packaging or raw materials.
Method: Real‑time PCR (species‑specific, group‑specific, genetic element‑specific).
Common analytes: Allergen‑encoding genes, animal & plant species, GMO screening elements (35S, NOS, FMV, CTP2), event‑specific GMOs, halal/kosher markers, pathogens (Salmonella, Listeria, Campylobacter).









